STATE OF SABAH

 
 
 
 
                                   LAND ACQUISITION ORDINANCE
 
 
 
 
                                          (Sabah Cap 69)
 
 
 
              To authorise the acquisition of land for public purposes.
                                                                         [28th June, 1950.]
 

           1.     Short title.

                 This Ordinance may be cited as the Land Acquisition Ordinance.
 
              INTERPRETATION

           2.     Interpretation.

                   In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions shall have the
              meanings hereby assigned to them ?
 
                   “authorised officer” means any person who may be appointed as such by the Yang Di-Pertua
                       Negeri* for the purposes of this Ordinance in respect of any area set out in such
                       appointment;
 
                   “Judge” means a Judge of the High Court sitting in Chambers:
                       †Provided that if such Judge shall be other than the Chief Judge or a Puisne Judge then
                       any award, order or determination shall be subject to confirmation by the High Court
                       and such Court may confirm or may vary such award, order or determination or hear
                       further evidence or rehear the whole application or remit the application to the Judge for
                       further evidence or order a rehearing before the same or another Judge and any award,
                       order or determination requiring confirmation under this provision shall take effect from
                       the date of the final order of the High Court;
 
                   “land” includes messuages, tenements and hereditaments corporeal or incorporeal, and
                       immovable property of every tenure or description, whatever may be the estate or
                       interest therein;
 
                   “person interested” means every person claiming, or entitled to claim, compensation under
                       this Ordinance;
 
                            Provided that a tenant by the month or at will shall be deemed not to be a person
                       interested for the purposes of this Ordinance;
 
                   “public purpose” means any, or any combination, of the following purposes ?
 
              (a)     for exclusive use of the Government or of the Federal Government or for general public use;
 
              (b)     for or in connection with the planning, establishment, extension, improvement or development
                   of any town or township any purpose reasonably necessary or desirable in regard thereto,
                   including the provision of open spaces and amenities and the setting apart of suitable sites for
                   factories industries and trade;
 
              (c)     for or in connection with the provision of residential accommodation for any section or class of
                   the community including the officers, servants or employees of the Government or the Federal
                   Government, and the families and employees thereof;
 
          (d)     for obtaining control over land contiguous to, or required for or in connection with, any port, airport,
              railway, road or other public works of convenience;
 
              (e)     for or in connection with any public utility undertaking or the provision of any public service,
                   undertaken or provided, or about to be undertaken or provided, by the Government, the
                   Federal Government, a local authority or any corporation incorporated directly by written law;
              (f)      for or in connection with any scheme relating to the settlement or re-settlement of any
                   community, or of any section or class of the public, rural or urban;
              (g)     for or in connection with the provision of land for the cultivation of padi, or for agricultural
                   research or experimental purposes;
              (h)     for or in connection with the conservation, improvement or exploitation of natural resources.
 
                          ACQUISITION OF LAND AND ABANDONMENT OF ACQUISITION

           3.     Acquisition of land.

              (1)     If the Yang di-Pertua Negeri considers that any land should be acquired for a public purpose
                   he may cause a declaration to that effect to be made in the manner provided by this section
                   and the declaration shall be conclusive evidence that the land to which it relates is required
                   for a public purpose.
 
              (2)     Every declaration shall be published in two ordinary issue of the Gazette and copies thereof
                   shall be posted on one of the buildings (if any) on the land or exhibited at suitable places in
                   the locality in which the land is situate, and, where possible, be served on the owner of the
                   land and in the declaration shall be specified the following particulars to the land which is to
                   be acquired:
                   (a)     the district in which the land is situate;
                   (b)     a description of the land, giving the approximate area and such other particulars as are
                       necessary to identify the land;
                   (c)     in cases where a plan has been prepared, the place where, and the time when, a plan
                       of the land can be inspected;
                   (d)     the public purpose for which the land is required.
 
              (3)     Upon the second publication of the declaration in the Gazette as aforesaid the land and the
                   buildings and erections thereon shall, without any conveyance, vest in the Government free
                   from all encumbrances and shall be deemed to have been surrendered by the lawful owner
                   thereof and the Director of Lands and Surveys shall take or cause to be taken all such steps
                   as are necessary by way of registering memoranda against the titles to the land affected or
                   otherwise to give effect to such order and every person in possession of any title or copy of
                   title affected by this section shall produce such title or copy to the Director of Lands and
                   Surveys or, in Labuan, to the Collector of Land Revenue for such purpose.
 
              (4)     Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding subsection, where any buildings upon land
                   vested in the Government under the provisions of such subsection are occupied by any
                   person as a residence or for the purposes of a trade or business, then possession shall not
                   be demanded by or on behalf of the Government, unless the land in the opinion of the Yang
                   di-Pertua Negeri is urgently required for the public purpose, until after the expiration of three
                   months from the date of the first publication of the declaration made under the provisions of
                   subsection (1), but in such case the owner of the land shall account to the Government for all
                   rents as from the date of vesting or shall allow credit for reasonable rent in any claim for
                   compensation if such owner occupies the building himself.
 
              (5)     Nothing in this Ordinance shall be deemed to prevent the acquisition of lands for public
                   purposes and the settlement of any compensation therefor by private treaty.

           4.     Preliminary notification and power to enter land.

                   If it appears to the Yang di-Pertua Negeri that any land is likely to be required for any purpose
              which, in the opinion of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, is a public purpose and it is necessary to make
              a preliminary survey or other investigation of the land, he may cause a notification to that effect to
              be published in the Gazette and thereupon it shall be lawful for the authorised officer (and his
              agents, assistants and workmen) to do all or any of the following things, that is to say ?
              (a)     to enter upon and survey and take levels of any land in any locality to which the notification
                   relates;
              (b)     to dig or bore into the sub-soil of such land;
              (c)     to do all other acts necessary to ascertain whether the land is adapted to such purpose;
              (d)     to set out the boundaries of the land intended to be taken, and the intended line of work, if
                   any, proposed to be done thereon;
              (e)     to mark levels and lines by placing marks and cutting trenches;
              (f)      where otherwise the survey cannot be completed, the levels taken or the boundaries or line of
                   the work set out, to cut down and clear away any standing crop, fence, tree or bush;
              (g)     to do all such other acts as may be incidental to or necessary for any of the purposes
                   aforesaid:
                             Provided that the authorised officer shall not enter into any building, or into or upon any
                   enclosed yard, court, or garden attached to a dwelling house, except at all reasonable hours
                   and, except with the consent of the occupier thereof, without previously giving to such
                   occupier at least seven days’ notice in writing of his intention to do so:
                             And provided further that compensation shall be assessed and paid to the person
                   interested in the land so entered upon for any actual damage or injury resulting to them by
                   reason of the exercise of the powers conferred by this section ?
              (i)      in so far as it relates to land the acquisition of which is subsequently deemed to be
                   abandoned under section 9 or abandoned under section 10, as though it were compensation
                   payable under this Ordinance for the acquisition of the land;
              (ii)      in so far as it relates to land the compulsory acquisition of which is subsequently completed
                   under section 3, as though it were part of the compensation for the acquisition of the land.

          5.      Power to apply land to purposes of acquisition without waiting for formal vesting.

                   If, at any time after the publication of a notification in accordance with the provisions of section 4, it
              appears to the Yang di-Pertua Negeri that the land or some parcel of the land to which it refers
              should be acquired but that for any reason it is not possible to make an immediate declaration to
              that effect, it shall be lawful for the Yang di-Pertua Negeri to direct the authorised officer to do any
              work on the land or parcel thereof connected with the use to which the land is intended to be put on
              its acquisition, and thereupon the authorised officer may proceed with the execution of the work:
 
                   Provided that compensation shall be paid to the persons interested for any actual damage or injury
              resulting to them by resulting to them by reason of the exercise of the power conferred by this
              section and shall be determined in the same way as compen­sation for actual damage or injury
              resulting from the exercise of the powers conferred by section 4.

           6.     Authorised officer to treat with landowner.

              (1)     As soon as any declaration has been published in accordance with the provisions of section
                   3, the authorised officer shall, without delay, enter into negotiations (or further negotiations)
                   for the purchase of the land to which the declaration relates upon reasonable terms and
                   conditions, and by voluntary agreement with the owner of the land.
 
              (2)     It shall not be necessary for the authorised officer to await the publication of the declaration
                   before he endeavours to ascertain from the owner the terms and conditions on which he is
                   willing to sell his land, but no negotiations or agreement shall be deemed to be concluded
                   unless and until the conditions of sale and acquisition have been approved by the Yang
                   di-Pertua Negeri.

           7.     Boundaries of land and issue of notice of acquisition.

              (1)     As soon as may be after any land has been acquired compulsorily, the authorised officer
                   shall, if the boundaries of the land have not been set out or if they cannot be identified by
                   reference to any plan, cause the same to be surveyed and set out, and he shall also issue a
                   notice of acquisition in accordance with the provisions of this section.
 
              (2)     Every notice of acquisition under this section shall ?
 
                   (a)     state the decision of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri to acquire and take possession of the
                       land compulsorily;
 
                   (b)     contain the particulars which, in relation to the land, were included in the declaration
                       provided for by subsection (2) of section 3; and
 
                   (c)     require all persons interested, as soon as is reasonably practicable, either ?
                       (i)      to appear personally or by attorney or agent before the authorised officer to state
                            the nature of their respective interests in the land and the amounts and full
                            particulars of their claims to compensation in respect of those interests,
                            distinguishing the amounts under separate heads and showing how the amount
                            claimed under each head is calculated; or
                       (ii)      to render to the authorised officer a statement in writing, signed by them or by
                            their attorneys or agents, setting forth the like matters.
 
              (3)     The authorised officer shall cause a copy of the notice of acquisition to be served, either
                   personally on, or by post addressed to the last known place of abode or business of, every
                   person interested whose whereabouts are known to the authorised officer:
 
                             Provided that where the whereabouts of any such person are not known, the authorised
                   officer shall cause copies of such notice to be posted on one of the buildings (if any) on the
                   land or exhibited at suitable places in the locality in which the land is situate.
 
              (4)     Any person who, without lawful authority or excuse, removes or destroys any landmark
                   placed, or removes or defaces or destroys any notice posted or exhibited, by the authorised
                   officer in or upon the land or any building thereon in accordance with the provisions of this
                   Ordinance, shall be liable on summary conviction, to a fine of one hundred ringgit or to
                   imprisonment for three months.

           8.     Authorised officer may require information as to interests in land.

              (1)     The authorised officer may, by notice served per­sonally, or by post addressed to the last
                   known place of abode or business of the person concerned, require the owner or occupier of,
                   or any person interested in, any land, or in any part thereof, in respect of which a declaration
                   or a notification has been published in the Gazette under section 3 or section 4 respectively,
                   to deliver to him within a time to be specified in the notice, being not less than twenty-one
                   days after service of the notice, a statement in writing con­taining, so far as may be within his
                   own knowledge, the name of every person possessing any interest in the land, or any part
                   thereof, whether as partner, mortgagee, lessee, tenant or otherwise, and the nature of such
                   interest.
 
              (2)     Every person who is required to make and deliver a statement under this section and who,
                   without reasonable ­excuse, refuses to make or deliver such statement, or willfully makes any
                   such statement which is false or incomplete in any material particular, shall be liable on
                   summary conviction, to a fine of one hundred ringgit or to imprisonment for three months.

           9.     Claim of person interested to have land acquired or abandoned.

                   If, within three months after entry has been made on any land under the provisions of section 4,
              such land shall not be acquired or abandoned, any person interested in the land or any part thereof
              may serve a notice on the authorised officer requiring that the acquisition of the land or part thereof
              be completed or abandoned, and, if within one month thereafter, the acquisition of such land or part
              thereof be not completed or abandoned in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance, the
              acquisition of the land or part thereof shall be deemed to have been abandoned.

           10.   Abandonment of acquisition.

              (1)     At any time before any land has been acquired compulsorily the Yang di-Pertua Negeri may,
                   by notifica­tion published in the Gazette, declare that the intended acquisition of such land is
                   abandoned.
 
              (2)     When the acquisition of any land is abandoned in accordance with the provisions of this
                   section, or is deemed to have been abandoned under section 9, any compensation payable
                   by virtue of this Ordinance shall, in default of agreement, be assessed as though it was
                   compensation payable under this Ordinance for the acquisition of land.
 
              (3)     No compensation shall be payable in any case for loss of bargain or for damages for breach of
                   contract.
 
                                  TEMPORARY OCCUPATION OF LAND

           11.   Temporary occupation of unoccupied land.

              (1)     Whenever it appears to the Yang di-Pertua Negeri that temporary occupation and use of any
                   unoccupied land are needed for any public purpose, he may direct the authorised officer to
                   procure the occupation and use the same for such term or terms as the Yang di-Pertua
                   Negeri shall think fit not exceeding three years from the commencement of such occupation.
 
              (2)     The authorised officer shall thereupon give notice in writing to any person interested in such
                   land of the purpose for which the same is needed, and shall for the occupation and use
                   therefor for such term aforesaid and for the materials, if any, to be taken therefrom pay to
                   them such compensation, either in a gross sum of money or by monthly or other periodical
                   payments, as shall be agreed upon in writing between him and such persons respectively.
 
              (3)     In case the authorised officer and the persons interested differ as to the sufficiency of the
                   compensation or the apportionment thereof the authorised officer shall refer such difference to
                   the decision of a Judge in accordance with the provisions of section 14.

           12.   Power to enter and take and possession.

              (1)     The authorised officer may immediately enter upon and take possession of the land and use
                   or permit the use thereof in accordance with the terms of the said notice.
 
              (2)     On the expiration of the term the authorised officer shall make or tender to the persons
                   interested compensation for the damage if any, done to the land and not provided for by the
                   agreement and shall restore the land to the persons interested therein.

           13.   Difference as to condition of land.

                   If the authorised officer and the persons interested differ as to the condition of the land at the
              expiration of the term or as to the compensation mentioned in subsection (2) of section 12 or as to
              any matter connected with the said agreement the authorised officer shall refer such difference to
              the decision of a Judge.
 
                               DETERMINATION OF CLAIMS TO COMPENSATION

           14.   Determination of questions by Judge.

              (1)     All questions and claims relating to the payment of compensation under this Ordinance and
                   to the apportion­ment of such compensation shall, save as is hereinafter provided, be
                   submitted to a Judge.
 
              (2)     The Judge shall have full power to assess, award and apportion compensation in such cases,
                   in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance:
 
              Provided that in every case in which the amount of com­pensation claimed shall exceed ten
              thousand ringgit the Judge in hearing any such claim shall sit with two assessors who shall be
              appointed by the High Court for the purpose of aiding the Judge (neither of whom shall be a public
              officer) who shall advise the Judge of their opinions but in the case of any difference of opinion, the
              opinion of the Judge shall prevail.

           15.   Documents, etc., to be forwarded to the Judge.

              (1)     Where proceedings are taken before the Judge or the Magistrate as provided in section 20 for
                   the determination of any question relating to the payment of compensation, the authorised
                   officer shall forward to the Judge, or to the Magistrate as the case may be, those of the
                   following documents and particulars which relate to the acquisition or the intended acquisition
                   of the land, as the case may be ?
 
                   (a)     a copy of any notification and declaration which has been published in the Gazette;
 
                   (b)     a copy of the notice of acquisition;
 
                   (c)     a copy of any notice issued or received by him;
 
                   (d)     a copy of all statements received by him in compliance with any notice issued by him;
 
                   (e)     the names and addresses of the persons who the authorised officer has reason to
                       believe are interested in the land;
 
                   (f)      the acreage of the land as certified by the Deputy Director of Lands and Surveys; and
                   (g)     a copy of the report required by this section.
 
              (2)     The report to be sent to the Judge shall state the opinion of the authorised officer, and his
                   reasons for such opinion, upon each of the following matters ?
                   (a)     what is a fair and proper description of the land acquired, including particulars of any
                       building, trees or standing crops thereon;
                   (b)     the value of the land, for the purposes of compensation under this Ordinance;
                   (c)     the amount of provisional compensation which should be paid for the land, including any
                       damage payable in respect of entry into possession;
                   (d)     the apportionment of the provisional compensation among the persons interested in the
                       land, in respect of their interests.
 
              (3)     The authorised officer, in assessing the amount of any compensation for the purpose of a
                   report under this section, shall have regard to the rules prescribed by this Ordinance which
                   may and may not be taken into consideration in assessing compensation.

          16.     Inquiry by Judge.

              The Judge shall hold an inquiry at a place, date and time to be fixed by him, of which not less than
              fourteen clear days notice shall be given to the parties concerned, and every such inquiry shall be
              conducted in public.

           17.   Procedure at inquiry.

                   The procedure at an inquiry, the summoning and remuneration of witnesses for attendance thereat,
              and all questions incidental to the inquiry shall be governed by the provisions of the laws for the time
              being in force relating to civil proceedings in the High Court:
                   Provided that in the case of any doubt arising on any question of practice and procedure the same
              may be settled by the Judge.

           18.   Power of entry for purpose of inquiry.

                   The Judge, or any person authorised by him, may at any time before, during or after an inquiry
              under this Ordinance, enter upon and inspect any land for any purpose connected with such inquiry.

          19.     Award of Judge.

                   At the conclusion of the inquiry the Judge shall decide upon the claims for compensation and
              apportionments submitted to him and shall make an award under his hand and shall cause the
              same to be filed in the High Court and such award shall thereupon for all purposes (including
              appeals and executions) be deemed to be a final judgment or order of the High Court.
 
                            DETERMINATION OF SMALL CLAIMS FOR COMPENSATION

          20.     Procedure where claim for compensation does not exceed certain amounts.

              (1)     Anything in any Ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding, in any case in which the
                 compensation claimed does not exceed five hundred ringgit, and in any case in which the
                 compensation claimed does not exceed one thousand ringgit and, in the latter case, the parties
                 agree in writing to the settlement of the claim by a Magistrate of the First Class, the amount of
                 the compensation to be paid in any such case shall be determined by such Magistrate.
 
              (2)     It shall be lawful for the Magistrate upon the application of either party with respect to any
                   question of disputed compensation in either of the cases mentioned in the preceding
                   subsection, to summon the other party to appear before him at a time and place to be named
                   in such summons and to hear and determine such question of disputed compensation.
 
              (3)     For the purposes of any proceeding under this section ?
 
                   (a)     the procedure to be followed thereat, the summoning and remuneration of witnesses
                       and all questions incidental to such proceeding shall be governed by any law for the
                       time being in force in Sabah relating to the recovery of claims before the Magistrate and
                       all the provisions of any such law shall apply mutatis mutandis to any such proceeding;
                       and
 
                   (b)     the provisions of sections 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 28 shall apply with such verbal
                       alteration (not affecting the substance) as may be necessary to make the same
                       applicable.
 
              (4)     An appeal shall lie against the determination by the Magistrate of any question of disputed
                   compensation under this section in like manner as if such determination was given in the
                   exercise of the summary jurisdiction of the Magistrate in a civil matter under the provisions of
                   any written law for the time being in force relating to civil appeals from Magistrates and for the
                   purposes of such appeal the determination of the Magistrate under this section shall be
                   deemed to be a final judgment or order of the Magistrate.
 
                        PROVISIONS GOVERNING ASSESSMENT OF COMPENSATION, ETC.

           21.   Rules for assessment of compensation.

                   Subject to the provisions of this Ordinance the following rules shall apply to the assessment and
              award of compensation by a Judge for the compulsory acquisition of land ?
 
              (a)     the value of the land shall, subject as hereinafter provided, be taken to be the amount which
                   the land, in its condition at the time of acquisition, if sold in the open market by a willing
                   seller, might have been expected to have realised at a date twelve months prior to the date of
                   the second publication in the Gazette of the declaration under section 3:
 
                             Provided that this rule shall not affect the assessment of compensation for the damage
                   sustained by the person interested by reason of severance, or by reason of the acquisition
                   injuriously affecting his other property or his earnings, or for disturbance, or any other matter
                   not directly based on the value of the land:
 
                             And provided further that the fact that the land is held under Part IV of the Land Ordinance
                   or any other written law in the State relating to native land tenure shall be disregarded in
                   determining the value of the land;
 
              (b)     the special suitability or adaptability of the land for any purpose shall not be taken into
                   account if that purpose is a purpose to which the land could be applied only in pursuance of
                   statutory powers not already granted, or for which there is no market apart from the special
                   needs of a particular purchaser or the requirements of any Government department;
 
              (c)     where the value of the land is increased by reason of the use thereof or of any premises
                   thereon in a manner which could be restrained by any court, or is contrary to law, or is
                   detrimental to the health of the inmates of the premises or to public health, the amount of that
                   increase shall not be taken into account;
 
              (d)     where land is, and but for the compulsory acquisition would continue to be, devoted to a
                   purpose of such a nature that there is no general demand or market for land for that purpose,
                   the compensation may, if the Judge is satisfied that reinstatement in some other place is
                   bona fide intended, be assessed on the basis of the reasonable cost of equivalent
                   reinstatement;
 
              (e)     no allowance shall be made on account of ?
                   (i)      the acquisition being compulsory or the degree of urgency or necessity which has led
                       to the acquisition;
                   (ii)      any disinclination of the person interested to part with the land acquired;
                   (iii)     any damage sustained by the person interested which, if caused by a private person,
                       would not render such person liable to an action;
                   (iv)     any damage, not being in the nature of deprivation of or interference with an easement,
                       servitude or legal right, which, after the time of awarding compensation, is likely to be
                       caused by or in consequence of the use to which the land acquired will be put:
 
                             Provided that nothing herein shall prejudice any claim under this Ordinance for damage
                   subsequently sustained in consequence of the use to which the land acquired is put;
                   (v)      any increase to the value of the land acquired likely to accrue from the use to which the
                       land acquired will be put;
                   (vi)     any outlay or improvement of such land which shall have been made, commenced or
                       effected within twelve months before the publication of the declaration under section 3,
                       unless it be proved that the improvement was made bona fide and not in contemplation
                       of proceedings for the acquisition of the land being taken by compulsory acquisition.

           22.   Special rule as to severance.

              (1)     As to severance, compensation may be assessed on the footing that any specified works,
                   crossings, or access agreed to on behalf of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri shall be erected,
                   provided, and allowed, and any such agreement shall be reduced into writing and be signed
                   by the Judge and shall be valid and effectual and binding on the parties.
 
              (2)     If, in the case of any claim by a person interested on account of the severing of the land to be
                   acquired from his other land, the Yang di-Pertua Negeri is of opinion that the claim is
                   unreasonable or excessive, the Yang di-Pertua Negeri may at any time before the Judge has
                   made his award order the acquisition of the whole or any additional portion of the land of
                   which the land first sought to be acquired forms a part.
 
              (3)     No fresh declaration of other proceedings under sections 3 to 7 both inclusive shall be
                   necessary and such additional land shall vest absolutely in the Government on the date of the
                   order of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri; but the authorised officer shall without delay furnish a
                   copy of the order of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri to the persons interested and to the Judge who
                   shall thereafter proceed to make his award.

           23.   Interest.

                   The Judge, in awarding compensation, may add thereto interest at a rate not exceeding six per
              centum per annum, calculated from the date upon which the authorised officer entered into
              possession of the land acquired until the date of the payment of the compensation awarded by the
              Judge.

           24.   Rules as to costs.

              (1)     The authorised officer shall pay to the claimant the reasonable costs incurred by him in or
                   about the preparation and submission of his claim, unless the Judge considers that the
                   claimant has failed to put forward a proper claim within a reasonable time after the service of
                   the notice under section 7 or that the claim put forward is grossly excessive or that he has
                   been a party to some deceit or fraud in respect of his claim.
 
              (2)     Subject to the provisions of subsection (1), where an unconditional offer in writing of any
                   amount as compensation has been made to any claimant by or on behalf of the authorised
                   officer and the sum awarded as compensation does not exceed the amount offered, the Judge
                   shall, unless for special reasons he thinks it proper not to do so, order the claimant to bear
                   his own costs and to pay the costs of the authorised officer so far as the costs of the
                   authorised officer were incurred after the offer was made; and, where the claimant has failed
                   to put forward a proper claim in sufficient time to enable the authorised officer to make a
                   proper offer, the foregoing provisions of this section shall apply as if an unconditional offer had
                   been made by or on behalf of the authorised officer at the time when, in the opinion of the
                   Judge, a proper claim should have been put forward and the claimant had been awarded a
                   sum not exceeding the amount of such offer.
 
              (3)     Subject to the provisions of subsection (1), where a claimant has made an unconditional offer
                   in writing to accept any amount as compensation and has put forward a proper claim in
                   sufficient time to enable the authorised officer to make a proper offer, and the sum awarded is
                   equal to or exceeds that amount, the Judge shall, unless for special reasons he thinks it
                   proper not to do so, order the authorised officer to bear his own costs and to pay the costs of
                   the claimant so far as the cost of the claimant were incurred after the offer was made.
 
              (4)     Subject to the preceding provisions of this section, the costs shall be in the discretion of the
                   Judge who may direct to and by whom and in what manner those costs or any part thereof
                   shall be paid, and he may in any case direct such costs to be taxed by the Registrar of the
                   High Court.
 
              (5)     The mode of enforcing any order as to costs shall be in the manner prescribed by the practice
                   of the High Court.
 
              (6)     Where the Judge orders the claimant to pay the costs or any part of the costs of the
                   authorised officer, the authorised officer may deduct the amount so payable by the claimant
                   from the amount of any compensation which may be payable to him.
 
                                           MISCELLANEOUS

          25.         Service of notices, etc..

                   Any notice, order, or other document required or authorised to be served under this Ordinance may
              be served ?
              (a)     by delivering it to the person on whom it is to be served; or
              (b)     by leaving it at the usual or last known place of abode of that person; or
              (c)     by sending it in a prepaid letter addressed to that person at his usual or last known place of
                   abode provided that such place of abode is within a postal delivery district; or
              (d)     in the case of an incorporated company or body, by delivering it to the secretary or clerk of
                   the company or body at their registered or principal office or sending it in a prepaid letter
                   addressed to the secretary or clerk of the company or body at that office; or
              (e)     if it is not practicable after reasonable inquiry to ascertain the name or address of any person
                   on whom it should be served, by addressing it to him by the description of “owner” or “lessee”
                   or “occupier” (or as the case may be) of the premises (naming them) to which it relates, and
                   by delivering it to some person on the premises or, if there is no person on the premises to
                   whom it can be delivered by affixing it, or a copy of it, to some conspicuous part of the
                   premises.

           26.   Absentee owners.

              (1)     Where there is no person competent to alienate land or to receive or to give a sufficient
                   discharge for any compensation awarded, or where any person interested in land, by reason
                   of his absence from Sabah and of his not being represented therein by a duly authorised
                   attorney, does not submit a statement to or appear before the authorised officer as required
                   by section 7, and where such person after diligent inquiry, cannot be found, the authorised
                   officer shall pay the compensation into the High Court to the credit of the person entitled
                   thereto.
 
              (2)     Any compensation paid into the High Court by virtue of this section may, on the subsequent
                   application of any person claiming to be entitled thereto, be paid out to such person on the
                   order of the said Court.
 
              (3)     All moneys paid into the High Court under the provisions of this section which remain
                   unclaimed for twelve years after such payment shall be transferred and paid into the funds of
                   Sabah and all legal claims thereto shall be for ever barred.

           27.   Compensation to persons interested in adjacent land.

                   A person interested in any land which, without any portion thereof being compulsorily acquired, has
              been injuriously affected by the erection or construction on land compulsorily of any works in
              respect of which the land was acquired, shall be entitled to compensation in respect of such
              injurious affection:
 
                   Provided that compensation shall not be payable under this section in respect of any injurious
              affection which, if caused by a private person, would not render such person liable to an action.

           28.   Special provisions as to leases.

              (1)     If any land shall be comprised in a lease for a term of years unexpired and part only of such
                   land shall be acquired compulsorily, the rent payable in respect of the land comprised in such
                   lease may, on the application of the lessor or the lessee to a Judge be apportioned between
                   the land acquired and the residue of the land.
 
              (2)     After such apportionment the lessee shall, as to all future accruing rent, be liable to pay only
                   so much of the rent as shall be so apportioned in respect of the residue of the land, and as to
                   the residue of the land, and as against the lessee, the lessor shall have all the same rights
                   and remedies for the recovery of such portion of the rent as previously to such apportionment
                   he had for the recovery of the whole rent reserved by such lease, and all the convenience,
                   conditions, and agreements of such lease, except as to the amount of rent to be paid shall
                   remain in force with regard to the residue of the land in the same manner as they would have
                   done in case the residue of the land only had been included in the lease.
              (3)     Where it is shown that the compulsory acquisition of a portion of land comprised in a lease
                   has rendered the residue unsuitable for the purpose for which the land was leased or where in
                   the circumstances the Judge considers it just so to do he may rescind the lease altogether;
                   and in such case the lessee shall only be liable to pay the rent due at the date of the
                   occurrence of the circumstances on which the rescission order is based.
 
              (4)     Where as the result of such rescission of lease the lessor or lessee suffers any loss or injury
                   he shall be entitled to compensation as hereinbefore provided in this Ordinance.

           29.   Persons in possession to be deemed owners.

                   Where any question shall arise touching the title of any person to any land which may be entered
              upon or acquired for the purposes of this Ordinance, or touching any estate or interest therein, the
              person having the ostensible possession or enjoyment of the rents and profits of such land shall, for
              the purposes of this Ordinance, be deemed to be the owner of the same until the contrary is proved.

           30.   Fees and expenses of assessors.

                   Any assessor shall receive for his services such fee and such expenses as the Judge may direct.

           31.   Payment of compensation, etc.

                   All amounts which have been awarded by way of compensation under this Ordinance, including
              interest and costs to be paid by the authorised officer, and all other costs, charges and expenses
              which shall be incurred under the authority of this Ordinance, shall be paid out of the funds of
              Sabah.

           32.   Exemption from stamps duty and fees.

                   Anything in any Ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding, no instrument or document relating to
              anything lawfully done under or for the purposes of this Ordinance, shall be chargeable with any
              stamp duty, registration or recording fee.

           33.   Limitation of time for making claims.

                   Notwithstanding anything contained in any other written law, except with the approval of the Yang
              di-Pertua Negeri in any case in which he considers that injustice may otherwise be done, no claim
              for compensation which may be made under the provisions of this Ordinance shall be admitted or
              entertained unless the same shall be made within twelve months after the date on which entry has
              been made on the land under section 4 or, if a declaration has been made under section 3, within a
              similar period after the date of the second publication of such declaration.

           34.   Assaulting or obstructing officer.

                   Any person who ?
          (a)     assaults or obstructs or aids and abets any person in assaulting or obstructing the authorised
              officer or any of his agents, assistants or workmen in the execution of his or their duty under this
              Ordinance; or
          (b)     opposes or impedes the lawful occupation or taking of possession of any land under the provisions
              of this Ordinance; or
          (c)     fails to comply with any of the provisions of this Ordinance or the lawful requirements of any person
              authorised or required to do any act thereunder,
              shall be liable on summary conviction, to a fine of  two hundred ringgit or to imprisonment for three
              months.

           35.   Rules.

              (1)     The Yang di-Pertua Negeri may make rules generally to give effect to the provisions of  this
                   Ordinance.
 
              (2)     Such rules may
                   (a)     prescribe any form required to be used for the purposes of this Ordinance;
                   (b)     fix any fees to be paid for anything required or allowed to be done under this Ordinance;
                   (c)     provide that the breach or contravention of any rule is an offence against such rules and
                       provide a penalty for any such offence not exceeding five hundred ringgit and
                       imprisonment for six months.
 

              * Throughout this Ordinance “Yang di-Pertua Negeri” substituted for “Yang di-Pertua Negara” by
              virtue of Enactment No. 17 of 1976.
              † Judge other than the Chief Judge or a Puisne judge here refers to a Judge appointed under Article
              122B(1) of the Federal Constitution. It does not refer to a judicial commissioner appointed under
              Article 122 AB of the Federal Constitution.